LibGuides: Referencing Style Guide: Chicago

Chicago Referencing

Chicago referencing has been made up of two parts:
Footnotes: Consecutively numbered markers in the text refer the reader to bibliographic citations in footnotes.

When consecutively citing the same source two or more times in a note (complete or shortened), you may use the word “Ibid” instead. Ibid is short for the Latin ibidem, which means “in the same place”. If you’re referencing the same source but different page, follow ‘Ibid’ with a comma and the new page number(s).

Reference list: A reference list at the end of the document provides full details of all sources cited by the writer.

Tips for using Chicago

Books:

Give all author's names and separate each by a comma and a space.
Enter all author's names in the order in which they appear in the original source.

Journals:

If using a journal article with more than one author please apply the same rule as per book with more than 1 author.
DOI indicates the article was consulted online and is preferable to a URL. If no DOI is available, use URL address.

Reference List:

All sources appearing in the reference list must be ordered alphabetically by surname of the first author, or title if no author is identified.

Images/Graphs/Figures/Tables:

Follow the rules for the source from which you obtained the image specified elsewhere in this guide for example book, website, journal, etc, then add the Image, Graph, Figure or Table Number.

Examples

Print Book (single author):

Footnote entry

(Format)

Footnote Number. Author's First and Last Names, Title of Book: Subtitle of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication), page number(s).

The first footnote of a particular source includes all publication information, however; subsequent footnotes are shortened.

Footnote entry

(Example)

1. Paul Hoang, Business Management (Victoria: IBID Press, 2014), 33.

Subsequent footnote entry

(Example)

6. Hoang, Business Management, 51.

Reference list

(Format)

Author's Last name, First name. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication.

Reference list

(Example)

Hoang, Paul. Business Management. Victoria: IBID Press, 2014.

Edited Book:

Footnote entry (Format)	Footnote Number. Editor's First and Last Names, ed., Title of Book: Subtitle of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication), page number(s).
Footnote entry (Example)	1. Debra Miller, ed., Pakistan (Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013), 81.
Subsequent footnote entry (Example)	4. Miller, Pakistan, 91.
Reference list (Format)	Editor's Last name, First name, ed. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication.
Reference list (Example)	Miller, D, ed. Pakistan. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013.

Books/Edited Books (with 2 authors):

Footnote entry (Format)	Footnote Number. Author #1's First and Last Names and Author #2's First and Last Names, Title of Book: Subtitle of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication), page number(s).
Footnote entry (Example)	1. Ernst Bohlmeijer and Monique Hulsbergen, Using Positive Psychology Every Day (New York: Routledge, 2018), 61.
Subsequent footnote entry (Example)	6. Bohlmeijer and Hulsbergen, Using Positive Psychology Every Day, 76.
Reference list (Format)	Author #1's Last Name, Author #1's First Name, and Author #2's First and Last Names. Title of the Book: Sub-Title of the Book. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of publication.
Reference list (Example)	Bohlmeijer, Ernst and Hulsbergen, Monique. Using Positive Psychology Every Day: Learn How to Flourish. New York: Routledge, 2018.

Books/Edited Books (with 3 authors):

Footnote entry

(Format)

Footnote Number. Author #1's First and Last Names, Author #2's First and Last Names, and Author #3's First and Last Names, Title of Book : Subtitle of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication), page number(s).

Footnote entry

(Example)

1. Arthur Aron, Elliot Coups and Elaine Aron, Statistics for the Behavioural and Social Science: A Brief Course (Boston: Pearson, 2011), 71.

Subsequent entry

(Example)

7. Aron, Coups and Aron, Statistics for the Behavioural and Social Sciences,78.

Reference list

(Format)

Author #1's Last Name, Author #1's First Name, Author #2's First and Last Names, and Author #3's First and Last Names, Title of the Book : Subtitle of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication.

For a book with two or 3 authors, only the first-listed name is inverted in the reference list and bibliography.

Reference list

(Example)

Aron, Arthur., Elliot Coups., & Elaine Aron, Statistics for the Behavioural and Social Sciences: A Brief Course. Boston: Pearson, 2011.

Chapter in Edited Book:

Footnote entry (Format)	Footnote Number. Chapter Author's First and Last Names, "Chapter Title," in Title of Book: Subtitle of Book, ed. First and Last Names (Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication), page number(s).
Footnote entry (Example)	1. Paul Kerr and Beth Nikitin, “Continued instability in Pakistan could threaten its nuclear safeguards,” in Pakistan, ed. Debra Miller (Detroit: Greenhaven Press), 93.
Subsequent footnote entry (Example)	4. Kerr and Nikitin, “Continued instability in Pakistan,” 98.
Reference list (Format)	Chapter Author #1 Last name, First name and Author #2 Last name, First name. "Chapter Title." In Title of Book: Subtitle of Book, edited by First and Last Names, page number(s). Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication.
Reference list (Example)	Paul Kerr and Beth Nikitin. “Continued Instability in Pakistan Could Threaten its Nuclear Safeguards.” In Pakistan edited by Debra Miller, 93-100. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013.

Electronic Book:

Footnote entry (Format)	Footnote Number. Author's #1First and Last Name and Author’s #2 First and Last Name, Title of Book: Subtitle of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication), page number(s). Media type.
Footnote entry (Example)	1. Julie Casper and Dale Williams, Climate Management: Solving the Problem (New York: Infobase Publishing, 2010), 87. Infobase database.
Subsequent footnote entry (Example)	10. Casper and Williams, Climate Management, 91.
Reference list (Format)	Author's #1 Last name, First name and Author’s #2 Last name, First name. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication. Media type.
Reference list (Example)	Casper, Julie and Dale Williams. Climate Management: Solving the Problem. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2010. Infobase database.

Journal Article (single author):

Footnoting entry (Format)	Footnote Number. Author's First and Last Names, "Article Title," Title of Publication Vol no, issue no (Date of Publication): page number(s).
Footnoting (Example)	1.Richard Ingersoll, “The Problem of Underqualified Teachers in American Secondary Schools,” Educational Researcher 28, no. 2 (1999): 26 -37.
Subsequent Footnote entry (Example)	6. Ingersoll, “The Problem of Underqualified Teachers,” 31.
Reference list (Format)	Author's Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Title of Publication vol no, issue no (Date of Publication): page number(s).
Reference list (Example)	Ingersoll, Richard. ”The Problem of Underqualified Teachers in American Secondary Schools.” Educational Researcher 28, no. 2 (1999): 26-37.

** If using a journal article with more than one author please apply the same rule as per book with more than 1 author.

Electronic Journal article

Footnote entry (Format)	Footnote Number. Author's First and Last Names, "Article Title," Title of Publication Vol no, issue no (Date of Publication): page number(s), doi:
Footnote entry (Example)	1. Steven Trankle and John Haw, “Predicting Australian Health Behaviour from Health Beliefs,” Electronic Journal of Applied Psychology 5, no. 2 (2009): 9, https://epubs.scu.edu.au/tourism_pubs/328/
Subsequent footnote entry (Example)	2. Trankle and Haw, “Predicting Australian Health,” 10.
Reference list (Format)	Author's Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Title of Publication vol no, issue no (Date of Publication): page number(s), doi: or URL
Reference list (Example)	Trankle, Steven and Haw, John. “Predicting Australian Health Behaviour from Health Beliefs.” Electronic Journal of Applied Psychology 5, no. 2 (2009): 9–17. https://epubs.scu.edu.au/tourism_pubs/328/

Video (Youtube)

Footnote entry

(Format)

Footnote Number. Producer, Title, online video, date viewed. URL.

Footnote entry

(Example)

1. Frank, T., How to get better at math (online video, November 3, 2017). https://youtu.be/HPsazrVSjl8

Subsequent footnote entry

(Example)

7. Frank, How to get better at math.

Reference list

(Format)

Producer, Title, online video, date viewed, URL.

Reference list

(Example)

Frank, T., How to get better at math (online video, November 3, 2017), https://youtu.be/HPsazrVSjl8

Video (Streaming)

Footnote entry (Format)	Footnote Number. Producer, Title, online video, date viewed. URL/Medium.
Footnote entry (Example)	1. Baricevic, T. Australia goes to war (online video,19 November 2019), ClickView database.
Subsequent footnote entry (Example)	9. Baricevic, Australia goes to war.
Reference list (Format)	Producer, Title, online video, date viewed. Medium/URL.
Reference list (Example)	Baricevic, T. Australia goes to war (online video,19 November 2019), ClickView database.

Web page

Footnote entry (Format)	Footnote Number. "Title of Webpage," Name of Website, Year of Publication, URL.
Footnote entry (Example)	1.Heidi Pearson. “Sea Creatures Store Carbon in the Ocean – Could Protecting them Help Slow Climate Change?,” The Conversation, 2019, https://theconversation.com/sea-creatures-store- carbon-in-the-ocean-could-protecting-them-help-slow-climate-change-108872
Subsequent footnote entry (Format)	8. Pearson, “Sea Creatures Store Carbon in the Ocean.”
Reference list (Format)	Author's Surname, Author's Given Name or Organisation' Name."Title of webpage." Name of Website. Year of Publication. URL.
Reference list (Example)	Pearson, Heidi. “Sea Creatures Store Carbon in the Ocean – Could Protecting them Help Slow Climate Change?,” The Conversation, 2019. https://theconversation.com/sea-creatures-store- carbon-in-the-ocean-could-protecting-them-help-slow-climate-change-108872

Images/Figures/Graph/Table

Footnoting entry

(Format)

Note Number. Author's First and Last Names, "Article Title," Title of Publication Vol no, issue no (Date of Publication): page number(s), doi:. Images/Figures/Graph/Table number.

Note Number. Follow the rules for the source from which you obtained the image specified elsewhere in this guide for example book, website, journal, etc, then add the Image, Graph, Figure or Table number.

In-text citation

(Example)

1.Tanaka, H, & Seals, D. R. “Endurance exercise performance in masters athletes: Age-associated changes and underlying physiological mechanisms”. Journal of Physiology 586, no.1(2008): 55-63. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.141879. Figure 1.

Subsequent footnoting entry

(Example)

3.Tanaka & Seals, 57, figure 2.

Reference list

(Format)

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Title of Publication vol no, issue no (Date of Publication): page number(s).

Reference list

(Example)

Tanaka, H, & Seals, D. R. “Endurance exercise performance in masters athletes: Age-associated changes and underlying physiological mechanisms.” Journal of Physiology 586, no.1(2008): 55-63. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.141879.

Work of Art

Footnote entry

(Format)

Footnote Number. Artists First Name, Artists Last Name, “Title of work,” Year in which work of art was produced. Medium. Source: Author's First and Last Names, Title of Book: Subtitle of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication), page number(s).

Footnote entry

(Example)

1. Claude Monet, "Haystack at Sunset Near Giverny," 1891. Oil on Canvas. Source: William C Seitz, Claude Monet 1840 – 1926 (London: Thames and Hudson, 1984), 114.

Subsequent footnoting entry

(Example)

2. Monet, "Haystack at Sunset”.

Reference list

(Format)

Author's Last name, First name. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication.

Reference list

(Example)

Seitz, William C. Claude Monet 1840 – 1926. London: Thames and Hudson, 1984.