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Referencing Style Guide: Harvard

The Harvard referencing style is another popular style using the author-date system for in-text citations. Harvard referencing is the preferred style for business subjects.

Referencing Generator

The Online Reference Generator uses the Harvard system to create references for books, journals, websites and online media.

When you have created a reference, copy and paste it, in alphabetical order by author's last name into your bibliography.

Harvard Referencing

There are two parts to Harvard style referencing:

In-text citation:

It consists mainly of the authors' last name and the year of publication (and page numbers if it is directly quoted) in round brackets placed within the text. If there is no discernable author, the title and date are used.

Reference list:

The reference list should be ordered alphabetically by the last name of the first author of each work. References with no author are ordered alphabetically by the first significant word of the title.

Examples

Print Book (single author):

In-text citation

(Format)

 According to Author last name (year of publication, page number)…..

 OR

 …..is evident (Author last name year of publication, page number).

In-text citation

(Example)

 

 According to Hoang (2014, p.71)…..

 OR

 ….is evident (Hoang 2014, p.71).

Reference list

(Format)

 Author, A year of publication, Title of book, Place of publication, Publisher.

Reference list

(Example)

 Hoang, P 2014, Business Management, IBID Press, Victoria.

 

Edited Book:

In-text citation

(Format)

 According to Editor last name (ed. year of publication, page number)….

 OR

 ….this is evident (Editor last name ed. year of publication, page number).

 Add page number for direct quotes. If page number is not available provide paragraph number. Page   number is not required for paraphrasing.

In-text citation

(Example)

 According to Miller (ed. 2013, p 56)….

 OR

 ….this is evident (Miller ed. 2015, p. 71).

Reference list

(Format)

 Editor, A. (Ed.) year of publication, Title of book, Publisher, Location of publication.

Reference list

(Example)

 Miller, D (Ed.) 2013, Pakistan, Greenhaven Press, Detroit.

 

Books/Edited Books (with 2 authors):

In-text citation

(Format)

 According to Author and Author (year of publication, page number)…

 OR

 ….is evident (Author & Author year of publication, page number).

In-text citation

(Example)

 According to Bohlmeijer and Hulsbergen (2018, p.14)…..

 OR

 …..is evident (Bohlmeijer & Hulsbergen 2018, p.14).

Reference list

(Format)

 Author, A & Author, B year of publication, Book title, Publisher, Location of publication.

Reference list

(Example)

 Bohlmeijer, E & Hulsbergen, M 2018, Using positive psychology every day: Learn how to   flourish, Routledge, New York.

 

Books/Edited Books (with 3 or more authors):

In-text citation

(Format)

 Citations include only the surname of the first author followed by et al., and the year (as well as page   numbers for a direct quote).

 According to Author et al. (year of publication, page number)….

 OR

 .…is evident (Author et al. 2018, page number).

In-text citation

(Example)

 According to Aron et al. (2011, p. 10)….

 OR

 ….is evident (Aron et al. 2011, p. 10).

Reference list

(Format)

 Author, A, Author B, & Author, C year of publication, Book title. Publisher, Location of publication.

 Include all authors in the reference list.

Reference list

(Example)

 Aron, A, Coups, E & Aron, E 2011, Statistics for the behavioural and social sciences: A brief   course, Pearson, Boston.

 

Chapter in Print Book:

In-text citation

(Format)

 According to Author & Author (year of publication, page number)…

 OR

 ….is evident (Author & Author year of publication, page number).

In-text citation

(Example)

 According to Kerr & Nikitin (2013, p. 94)…

 OR

 ….is evident (Kerr & Nikitin 2013, p. 94).

Reference list

(Format)

 Author, A & Author, B year of publication, ‘Title of chapter’, in A. Editor (Ed), Title of book, Publisher,   Location of publication.

Reference list

(Example)

 Kerr, P & Nikitin, M 2013, ‘Continued instability in Pakistan could threaten its nuclear safeguards’,     in D  Miller (ed.), Pakistan, Greenhaven Press, Detroit.

 

Electronic Book:

In-text citation

(Format)

 According to Author & Author (year of publication)…..

 OR

 ….is evident (Author & Author, year of publication, page number).

In-text citation

(Example)

 According to Casper and Williams (2010)….

 OR

 ….is evident (Casper & Williams, 2010, p.12).

Reference list

(Format)

 Author, A & Author, B year of publication, Title of book, Publisher, location of publication, viewed date,   <URL>

Reference list

(Example)

 Casper, J & Williams, D 2010, Climate management: Solving the problem, Infobase Publishing, New   York, viewed 14 November 2019, <https://ebooks.infobase.com/e_ViewEbook.aspx?I   ISBN=9781438127422>.

 

Journal Article (single author):

In-text citation

(Format)

 According to Author (year of publication, page numbers)….

 OR

 …..is evident (Author year of publication, page numbers).

In-text citation

(Example)

 According to Ingersoll (1999, pp. 26-37)….

 OR

 ….is evident (Ingersoll, 1999, pp. 26-37).

Reference list

(Format)

 Author, A year of publication, ‘Title of article’. Journal Title, volume number, issue number,   month of issue, page–page.

Reference list

(Example)

 Ingersoll, R 1999, ‘The problem of underqualified teachers in American secondary   schools’. Educational researcher, vol.28, no. 2, March, pp.26-37.

 

Journal article (2 or 3 authors):

In-text citation

(Format)

 According to Author and Author (year of publication, page number/s)…

 OR

 ….is evident (Author & Author year of publication, page number/s).

In-text citation

(Example)

 According to Srikanthan and Dalrymple (2003, p,127)…

 OR

 …. is evident (Srikanthan & Dalrymple 2003, p. 127).

Reference list

(Format)

 Author, A. & Author, B  year of publication, ‘Title of article’, Journal Title, volume number,   issue number, month of issue, page–page.

Reference list

(Example)

 Srikanthan, G & Dalrymple, J 2003, ‘Developing alternative perspectives for quality in   higher education’, International Journal of Educational Management, vol.17, no.3, June,   pp.126- 136.

 

Electronic Journal article

In-text citation

(Format)

 According to Author and Author (publication year, page number/s)….

 OR

 ….is evident (Author & Author, year of publication, page number/s).

In-text citation

(Example)

 According to Trankle and Haw (2009, p.15)….

 OR

 ….is evident (Trankle & Haw, 2009, p.15)

Reference list

(Format)

 Author, A year of publication, ‘Title of article’. Journal Title, volume number, issue number,   month, page-page, viewed date, name of database.

Reference list

(Example)

 Trankle, S. A., & Haw, J. (2009). Predicting Australian health behaviour from health   beliefs. Electronic Journal of Applied Psychology, vol.5, no.2, pp.9–17, viewed 11   November 2019, JSTOR.

 

Video (Youtube)

In-text citation

(Format) 

 According to Last name, A. (year)….

 OR

 ….is evident (Last name, year).

In-text citation

(Example)

 According to Frank, A. (2017)….

 OR

 ….is evident (Frank, 2017).

Reference list

(Format)

 Author, A. A year, Title of video, online video, date of posting, viewed date, <URL> 

Reference list

(Example)

 Frank, T 2017, How to get better at math, online video, 3 November, viewed 11 November 2019,   <https://youtu.be/HPsazrVSjl8>.

 

Video (Web streaming)

In-text citation

(Format)

 According to Last name, A (year)….

 OR

 ….is evident (Last name, year).

In-text citation

(Example)

 According to Baricevic, T. (2019)….

 OR

 ….is evident (Baricevic, 2019).

Reference list

(Format)

 Author, A year Title of video. Database, place of production.

Reference list

(Example)

 Baricevic, T 2019, Australia goes to war. ClickView, Sydney.

Document on the web

In-text citation

(Format)

 According to Author (year of publication)…..

 OR

…..is evident (Author, year of publication, page number).

In-text citation

(Example)

 

 According to Fukuyama (2014)…..

 OR

 ….is evident (Fukuyama, 2014, p. 3).

Reference list

(Format)

 Author, A. year of publication, Title of work, format, Retrieved from URL

Reference list

(Example)

 Fukuyama, F 1989, The end of history?, pdf, viewed 19 November 2019,   <https://www.embl.de/aboutus/science_society/discussion/discussion_2006/ref1-22june06.pdf>.

 

Web page

In-text citation

(Format)

 According to Author (year of publication)…..

 OR

 …..is evident (Author, year of publication).

In-text citation

(Example)

 

 According to Pearson (2019)…..

OR

 ….is evident (Pearson, 2019).

Reference list

(Format)

 Author, A. (year of publication). Title of work, viewed date, <URL>

Reference list

(Example)

 Pearson, H 2019, Sea creatures store carbon in the ocean - could protecting them help slow climate   change?, viewed 19 November 2019, <https://theconversation.com/sea-creatures-store-carbon-in-   the- ocean-could-protecting-them-help-slow-climate-change-108872>.

 

Web page with organization as author

In-text citation

(Format)

 According to Name of organisation (year of publication)…..

 OR

 …..is evident (Name of organisation, year of publication).

In-text citation

(Example)

 

 The webpage on educational discounts offered by Apple Australia (2019)…..

 OR

 ….is evident (Apple Australia, 2019).

Reference list

(Format)

 Name of organization in full year of publication, Title of work. Retrieved from <URL>

Reference list

(Example)

 Apple Australia 2019, Save on a new Mac and IPad for your studies, viewed 19 November 2019,   <https://www.apple.com/au-hed/shop>.

 

Images from the web

In-text citation

(Format)

 Figure 1. Image name (Artist/Owner, year).

In-text citation

(Example)

 Figure 1. Malaria lifecycle (Center for Disease Control 2016).

Reference list

(Format)

 Artist/Owner last name, initial year, Title of work, format, viewed date, <URL>

Reference list

(Example)

 Centre for Disease Control 2016, Malaria lifecycle, Image, Viewed 11 November 2016,   <https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/images/graphs/life_cycle/malaria_lifecycle.gif>

 

Images/Figures from books/journal articles

In-text citation

(Format)

 Figure 1. Image name/description (Artist/Owner, year, page number).

In-text citation

(Example)

 Figure 1. Changes in men’s and women’s marathon running times with advancing age (Tanaka &   Seals, 2016, p. 56).

Reference list

(Format)

 [Title of image/figure] year of publication, Journal Title, date and month of publication, page number.

Reference list

(Example)

 [Changes in men’s and women’s marathon running times with advancing age] 2016, Journal of   Physiology, January, p. 56.

 

Work of Art (paintings, sculptures etc.). Print or online.

In-text citation

(Format)

 Figure 1. Image name (Artist/Owner, year).

In-text citation

(Example)

 Figure 1. The Thinker (Rodin, 1902).

Reference list

(Format)

 Artist, A date of creation, Title of art , Publisher, Place of publication.

Reference list

(Example)

 Rodin,  A 1902, The thinker , Musee Rodin, Paris.

 The following is an example of an online work of art.

 Wyeth, A. (1948). Christina's world [Painting]. Retrieved from       http://www.moma.org/explore/collection/index